第7回 いま一度・関係代名詞・関係副詞
寒くなってきました。インフルエンザの予防注射は受けましたか?
模試の結果に悲喜こもごもしつつ、「もう少し伸びたら、第一志望も夢ではないけどな。」
という声が聞こえるこの季節。
確かに、模試の結果は、第一志望を決める為の大きな指針となります。が、大学によって、出題される
問題に、それぞれ傾向がみられます。
まず、自分の弱点を把握、万が一、第一志望の大学によく出される問題が弱点でしたら、
そこを徹底的に補強して、補強具合を見ながら、焦らずに志望校を決めていきましょう。
勉強をする時間は、まだまだたくさんあります。
今月は、多くの大学で問われる<関係代名詞、関係副詞>。さあ、張り切って復習しましょう。
まずは小手調べ。何問正解かな?
1. I tried to swim across the river, ( ) I found difficult.
( where, which, that, on which )
2. There are some cases ( ) talent is not rewarded with success.
(which, what, where, of which )
3. This is the reason ( ) he gave for his stupid behavior.
( why, which, of which, for which )
4. There are several good reasons ( ) I have a freezer.
( which, who, why, whether )
5. I don`t think that ( ) he says is always right.
6. A person ( ) we think is a coward sometimes proves to be brave.
( who, whose, whom )
7. A person ( ) we think to be a coward sometimes proves to be brave.
( who, whose, whom )
8. One place ( ) I didn`t look for it was the living room.
( which, where ,who )
9. One place ( ) I didn`t check was the bookshelf.
( which, where, when )
10. This is the house ( ) Tom lived in.
11. He mentioned a book ( ) title I can`t remember now.
12. He mentioned a book the title ( ) ( ) I can`t remember now.
13. This is the only way ( ) I can imagine.
14. This is the house ( ) I lived in my early days.
15. We went to Kamakura, ( ) is well known to the foreign tourists to Japan.
16. We went to Kamakura, ( ) Mary met Ken.
17. He is kind to ( ) comes to see him.
( who, whom, whoever, whomever )
18. I may have to work, ( ) I`ll call you. ( for which, in which case, by which, by that time )
19. ( )few friends he has are all in Japan.
20. Who ( ) has read “Romeo and Juliet” can forget its story?
21. The professor told the student,” Read the passage ( ) I referred in my lecture.
( that, to that, to which, which )
22. The conditions ( ) these fine works were created were usually of a most difficult kind.
( under which, of which, which, to which )
23. He gave me ( ) money he had.
24. This is the samegg book ( ) he lost before.
25. ( ) with hunger and ( ) with cold , he became sick.
26. He is not ( ) he was before.
( which, that, what )
27. He is not the coward ( ) he was.
( what, which, that )
28 She is not the kind lady ( ) she used to be.
( what , that, which )
正解
1. which 2. where 3. which 4. why 5. what
6. who 7. whom 8. where 9. which 10. which
11. whose 12. of which 13. that 14. where 15. which
16. where 17. whoever 18. In which case 19. what 20. that
21. to which 22. under which 23. what 24. as 25. what what
26. what 27. that 28. that
いかがでしたか?全問正解なら、復習の必要はなし。しかし、少しでも不安な問題がありましたら、
再度確認しましょう。
解説
1. カンマをおいて、先行詞、文章全体を説明する。
非制限(継続)用法
カンマ that は絶対にありえません。
2. in which = where Talent is not rewarded in some cases.
要注意 関係代名詞と関係副詞
3. He gave the reason for his stupid behavior. the reason why の思い込みはダメ。 これは関係代名詞。
4. これは思い込みの、関係副詞のwhy です。
5. that 以下の 文章に主語がありません。「彼が言うこと」 にするために、関係代名詞 what です。
6.7 は 2つの文章に分解して考えましょう。
6) We think that a person is a coward. A person proves to be coward. を関係代名詞を使って1つの文章にしますから、 a person はthat 節の中では主語ですから、主格の関係代名詞 who
7) We think a person to be coward. A person proves to be coward. We thinkの中で
a personは目的語ですから、目的格の関係代名詞 whom です。
8.9 も 文章を分解しましょう。
8) I didn`t look for it at one place. One place was the living room.となります。
at which = where でしたね。
9) I didn`t check one place. One place was the living room. 関係代名詞 which でOK。
10. This is the house ( ) Tom lived.の場合は in which = where. しかし問題文にはinあり。
11. I can`t remember a book`s title. 故 whose
12. I can`t remember the title of the book. 故 the title ( of ) ( which )
13. 先行詞が、the +最上級、the only, last , first, very, all, every, any, no の場合、関係代名詞 that
14. I lived in the house in my early days. in my early days. のin に引っかからないように。
15. Kamakura is well known to~~~ カンマ which
16. Mary met Ken at Kamakura. at which = where
17. He is kind toに惑わされてはダメ。( ) comes to の文には主語がありません。
故、主格のwhoever
18. I may have to work, and in that case I`ll call you. in which+名詞case=関係形容詞のwhich
19. what+little (few) 名詞=関係形容詞 「少ないながらも」「なけなしの~」
20. 疑問詞を説明する関係代名詞は、that です。
21. I referred to the passage. ですから、to which
22. These fine works were created under the condition. ですから under which
23. what money は19の問題と同じ考え方の関係形容詞。「もっているすべてのお金を」
24. 先行詞にsame があるときは、関係代名詞asの登場です。
25. what with+A and what with+B = A やらBでというwhatの慣用表現
26. 彼は前の彼ではない。He is not の文章には補語がありません。故に what he was.
27.He is not the coward.この文には補語があります。関係代名詞の後の文章には補語がなく、先行詞が補語になる場合には、関係代名詞はthat となります。
28. この問題も27と同じ種類の問題です。
志望校への最短距離を
プロ家庭教師相談
入試問題で実力をチェック
上智大の問題からです。( )に入る適語を下から選んでください。
( ) Stephen said in the conference made the chairperson angry.
1) Against 2) That 3) What 4) For 5) Which 正解 3
解説
動詞made までが主語です。ステファンが会議で行った事 ですから what ですね。
慶応大の問題から、( )に入る適語を選んでください。
Job manuals have developed to enhance effective training of non-skilled workers. They are particularly useful in the service industry, ( ) small number of full-time employees need to train.
1) on which 2) under which 3) where 4) whether 5) whom
正解
3
解説
employees need to train in the service industry. つまり in which = where
useful in the service industry の in は useful in~のin ですから騙されないように。
慶応大から、正誤問題です。以下の文章の下線部にある間違いはどれ?
We are not going to make any statements(1) about what we talked.(2) The only thing we can say for now is that the discussion really covered a lot (3) of ground.
正解
2
解説
what we talked about が正解です。先行詞のany statement about に騙されないように。
慶応大の問題です。( )に入る適語を下から選んでください。
If you are selling manual labor---or a piece of lumber or a slab of steel ---the value of ( ) you have to sell does not necessarily increase when the market expands, and it may decrease.
1) which 2) what 3) where 4) how
正解
2
解説
the value of which にしてしまいそうな問題ですが、you have to sell の目的語がありません。
故に the value of the thing which you have to sell = what
早稲田大の問題から。( )に適語を入れましょう。
The dunes are a place of silence, to which even the sound of the sea comes as a distant whisper; a place ( ),if you listen closely , you can hear the hissing of the ever moving sand grains or the dry rustle of the beach grass.
正解
where
解説
if you listen closely の挿入に惑わされず、a place を先行詞とする関係副詞whereを入れる。
上智大の問題から。( )に適語を選んでください。
They were decent people , who really tried to do ( ) they thought was right.
1) when 2) that 3) why 4) what
正解
4
解説
people tried to do the thing which( they thought )was right. the thing which = what です。
最初にtryしてもらった問題の No.6,7の問題です。
慶応大の問題から、適語を選びましょう。
Landmarks are salient objects or points of decision in the environment that are noticed and remembered and { 1, in 2, around 3, for } which the child`s actions and decisions are coordinated.
正解
2
解説
salient objects or points of decision が which の先行詞。訳を考えると、「子供の行動や決定が調和する辺りの目立った物や決定点」となるので、around が一番適しています。
上智大の適語選択の問題。
In the past, children`s basic physical fitness was taken care of by common outdoor play and games-like tag, tree climbing, skipping rope, throwing stones and so on. And children of varied ages played together, ( ).
a) which allowed younger ones to learn from the older ones.
b) that often made them fight each other.
c) which made their communication skills better.
d) that was the most exciting moment for them.
正解
(a
解説
together、カンマは見えていますか?カンマthatはありません。「色々な年代の子供同士で遊ぶ」という本文の内容から、正解を導けます。
立教大から( )に適語を選んでください。
Zero degrees Celsius ( 0℃)is the temperature ( ) water changes to ice.
1) at which 2) whose 3) while 4) so that
正解
1
解説
Water changes to ice at the temperature. と考えればOK。
上智大の問題から。
Some people feel that what(1) Wordsworth said applies to more than what goes on in a laboratory.
下線部(1)と同じ用法のものはどれでしょう?
1. What qualifications do you have?
2. I asked her what books I can read.
3. Nobody knows what will happen next.
4. What a marvelous idea!
正解
3
解説
(1)は関係代名詞ですから、3の、「次に起こる事は誰にもわからない。」と同じ用法。
早稲田大の整序問題です。
Use seven of the ten words below to fill in the blank space in the best way.
The programs and suggestions described here ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) most are good mentors to serve as guides as they navigates complex subject matter.
選択
1,create , 2,demonstrate, 3,gifted, 4,highly, 5,need, 6,projects, 7,students, 8,that, 9,this, 10,what
正解
demonstrate that what highly gifted students need
解説
「ここで述べられているプログラムと提案は~that +名詞節 と示している。」という全文の枠組みをまず理解して、それから、与えられた単語を並び替え、英文を作成すればOK。
早稲田大の( )補充問題です。
In the tasks that face modern knowledge workers, paper is most useful out in the open,( ) it can be shuffled and sorted and annotated and spread out.
正解
where
訳
紙というものは、シャッフル出来、仕分け出来、注釈出来、そして拡大可能という、外にある状態で最も役に立つものである。
解説
it can be ~~spread out in the open. be useful out in~のinに騙されないように。
関係代名詞が関係する上智大からの正誤問題です。間違いはどこに?
The strip has(a) spawned several films and television series, which, together with a vast array of merchandise, has(b) contributed to a global brand worth(c) nearly $1 billion. This month Garfield`s Fun Fest, the moggy`s third feature film outing appears on DVD, adding(d) to the ever-expanding phenomenon.
正解
(b)
解説
(b)のhasの主語は、a vast array of merchandise と思う所に落とし穴。<カンマwhich カンマ>に惑わされますが、which の先行詞は several films and television series ですので、hasではなくhave。
正誤問題では、この手の問題がよく出ますので、先行詞が単数形か複数形か?気を付けて下さい。
慶応大の英作問題。
魅力的な未来像を描くために、政治家はやりたい事とできる事の区別をしばしばあいまいにする。
正解
To draw an attractive vision of the future , politicians often blur the distinction between
what they want to do and what they can do.
解説
あいまいにする=blur が思いつかない時は、politicians often don`t make clear distinction between
what they want to do and what they can do.
早稲田大の英作問題。
それはあなたが期待していることではないかもしれない。
正解
That may not be what you expect.
That may be different from what you expect.
以上、関係代名詞、関係副詞の定着度合いはいかがでしたか?今一度、不安な部分はよく復習して、確実に正解を導き出せるよう、努力して下さい。
今月のことわざ
A bad workman always blames his tools.
今まで復習してきた数々の文法アイテム、これを武装toolにして、受験戦争にGO!